THE SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE IN ISLAM
AL-QURAN
TOPICS
Definition of al-Quran
The Characteristic of the Quran
The Nature and Authority of the Qur’an
Ulum Al-Qur’an and its Significance
Al-Quran As the Source of (Scientific) Knowledge
Al-Quran
Quran is infinitive noun from ( قرأ ) means he collected together things or read and recited. Allah says :
إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ(17)فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَهُ(18)
“ It is for Us to collect it and to recite it . But when We have recited it, follow thou its recital (as promulgated).” (75 : 17-18)
Definition of al-Quran
Definition of al-Quran:
“The Quran is miraculous, inimitable, indestructible, preserved and intelligible word of Allah, revealed to the prophet Muhammad s.a.w (the last prophet and his messenger through the archangel Jibril, preserved in masahif, transmitted to us gradually and by mutawatir (continuously unbroken chains of numerous narrators)”.
The Quran can be also defined as follows:
The speech of Allah, sent down upon the last Prophet Muhammad, through the Angel Gabriel, in its precise meaning and precise wording, transmitted to us by numerous persons (tawatur), both verbally and in writing.
It was revealed to prophet Muhammad s.a.w which very truth from his Lord. Allah says :
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَآمَنُوا بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ(2)
“ But those who believe and work deeds of righteousness, and believe in the (revelation) sent down to Muhammad s.a.w -for it is the truth from their Lord,- He will remove from them their ills and improve their condition.” (47 : 2 )
It was not the prophet who spoke under the influence of the holy spirit, it was divine message brought by the holy spirit and delivered it to mankind. Allah says :
وَإِنَّهُ لَتَنْزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ(192)نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ(193)عَلَى قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنْ الْمُنذِرِينَ(194) بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِيٍّ مُبِينٍ(195)
“ Verily this is a revelation from the Lord of the Worlds. With it came down the Truthful spirit. To thy heart that thou mayest admonish. In the perspicuous Arabic tongue.” (26 : 192 – 195)
The Characteristic of the Quran
1. Al-Quran is the book of guidance, sure without doubt for those who fear Allah swt. He says :
ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدًى لِلْمُتَّقِينَ(2)
“ A.L.M , This is the Book , in it is guidance sure, without doubt, to those who fear Allah.” (2: 1-2)
2. It is the word of Allah revealed to the prophet Muhammad s.a.w with His wording, Allah challenged the Arabs with it and they became important to produce a work similar to it or ten chapters or even a single chapter.
This challenge still continues and this eternal miracle will continue until the day of judgement. Allah says:
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِعَشْرِ سُوَرٍ مِثْلِهِ مُفْتَرَيَاتٍ وَادْعُوا مَنْ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ(13)
“ Or they may say: “He forged it.” Say: “Bring ye then ten suras forged, like unto it, and call (to your aid) whomsoever ye can, other than Allah ! If ye speak the truth !” (11: 13)
In the other verse , Allah s.w.t says :
قُلْ لَئِنْ اجْتَمَعَتْ الْإِنسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ لَا يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ ظَهِيرًا(88)
“ Say: “If the whole of mankind and jinns were gather together to produce the like of this Quran, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they backed up each other with help and support.” (17: 88)
3. The Quran is from Allah by wording and meaning.
It is the source of constitution for the entire Muslim ummah in particular and for mankind in general. It is a guide for all humanity and message for all worlds. Allah says :
فَأَيْنَ تَذْهَبُونَ(26)إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌ لِلْعَالَمِينَ(27)لِمَنْ شَاءَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَقِيمَ(28)وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ(29)
“ Then whither go ye? Verily this is no less than a Message to (all) the worlds. (With profit) to whoever among you wills to go straight. But ye shall not will except as Allah wills, The Cherisher of the worlds.” (81: 26-29)
4. It has been kept absolutely unchanged through the contents in its original language.
Other religions have deviated from their original message and have been influenced by human thoughts and desires. As a result, many people consider religion to be false accounts.
(2: 23-24)
وَإِنْ كُنتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَدَاءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ(23)فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَلَنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ(24)
The Quran is protected and safeguarded by Allah swt. Allah says :
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ(9)
“ We have, without doubt, sent down the Message, and We will assuredly guard it (from corruption).” (15: 9)
5. The Quran refers to many fields such as aqidah, syar’iat and akhlak.
That is why individuals of various backgrounds can understand its arguments, evaluate and credibility. Allah says:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ ... (18)
“ The religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His Will).” (3: 19)
It provides many facts regarding the physical world, astronomical world and others.
6. Islam encourages mankind to seek knowledge and study the Quran in our discoveries, promising as a grate reward and these efforts are considered part of our worship since they are made.
وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُوا كَافَّةً فَلَوْلا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ وَلِيُنذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ (122)
10 : 122
The Nature and Authority of the Quran
There are many proofs that the Quran is Allah’s revelation :
First,
Prophet Muhammad distinguished clearly and sharply between his own words and the words of Allah.
At no time did he ascribe the Quran to himself, although it would have been an honor to be able to claim the authorship of such a unique book.
Second,
The Prophet was keen to write down the text of the Qur’an immediately after he received it from Allah.
To ensure the distinction between his own words and the word of Allah, he warned people not to write down his own prophetic utterances so that they would not become mixed with Allah’s words.
Muhammad even commanded people to erase anything they had written of his own sayings that was not part of the Qur’an.
Third,
When the Quran was revealed to him from Allah, it was accompanied by psychological and physical changes in himself: his face flushed and his body trembled and sweated. This was observed by those present. But, in contrast, when he spoke of his own accord, no such things occurred.
If he were an ordinary author, there would not have been this contrast in the effect on his mind and body according to what he was writing.
A man could change from writing prose to writing poetry without such visible effects.
And if we look back at the Prophet’s life before he was given the revelation, he did not experience any such changes.
In this context, that some who are interested in analyzing these changes in the Prophet diagnosed him as an epileptic.
They forgot that the Prophet was fully aware of what he was saying and could recall the whole experience afterwards.
We do not need to dwell on their theory, since it is now wholly discounted.
Fourth,
Allah’s speech is distinctive and does not resemble Muhammad’s own words if we compare the two.
Even when Muhammad’s words reach the zenith of human rhetoric, they do not compare with the words of the Quran.
The Quran compared to them is like the sun compared to the stars.
Fifth,
The Quran is miraculous, unlike Muhammad’s own sayings. All people, even demons, were challenged to produce anything equal to the Quran but nobody was challenged to equal Muhammad’s hadith.
From the very beginning, Muslims were fully aware of the distinction between Allah’s words and Muhammad’s words.
They introduce Allah’s words with, “Allah says..” and Muhammad’s hadiths with, “The Prophet says..”
Sixth,
Muslims distinguish between the words of Allah and the words of the Prophet when they read them aloud. They use a different tone for the words of Allah.
The Prophet described some of his companions as “sweet- voiced” when they read the Qur’an, and he himself often asked them to read to him.
Once he was passing by Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari’s house and heard him reading the Quran. He stopped to listen. The Prophet was attracted by his voice. During morning Prayer when they met, the Prophet told him he had listened to his recitation the previous night. The man said, “If I had known that you were listening I could have read even more beautifully for you.”
The man’s voice was naturally sweet.
Once, the Prophet asked Ibn Mas`ud to read the Qur’an for him. The latter said to the Prophet, “Should I read it to you when it was revealed to you?” The Prophet replied, “I love to hear it from the lips of others.”
Ibn Mas`ud read Surat An-Nisaa’ for the Prophet. When he read the following verse meaning "How then shall it be, when We bring forward from every nation a witness, and bring thee (O Muhammad) to witness against those?" (An-Nisaa': 41), the Prophet asked him to stop, saying, “That is enough.” Then the reciter looked at the Prophet’s face and saw that his eyes were full of tears.
This clearly demonstrates not only the distinction between the Quran and the hadith of the Prophet, but also the exact way that Muslims learned the Quran.
See also these articles :
Narratives in the Qur'an (Sayyid Qutb)
Living by the Qur’an (Harun Yahya)
The Nature and Authority of the Qur’an (text) (Dr. Muhammad Abu Laylah)
Ulum Al-Qur’an and its Significance
The message of the Qur’an contains guidance and wisdom in the form of laws, stories, parables, and arguments for those who have an intellect.
Hence, it is essential for the believer to deeply understand the meanings and implications of the Book of the Creator in order to truly reflect and correctly act upon it.
For this purpose, ever since the Muslims received the Quran, they have not only dedicated themselves to its message, but also to its setting and framework that serve to facilitate its understanding and implication.
Their application and preoccupation with issues related to the understanding of the Quran led to the development of disciplines and branches of knowledge that are known as `Ulum Al-Qur’an (the sciences of the Quran).
`Ulum al-Quran has become an inseparable part of Quranic education because it has indispensable knowledge for correctly understanding and internalizing the Quran.
It is regrettable to note that there are very few texts available for the Muslim English reader to assist him or her in learning the Quran.
The aim of this column is to fill this gap and help towards understanding the Quranic message by introducing disciplines related to its circumstances, setting, and framework.
`Ulum al-Quran is, defined as the branch of knowledge concerned with investigating and studying the Quran.
Its subjects involve the following:
The evolution and development of this discipline
The various names and lexical meanings of the Quran
Nature of revelation (wahi)
Method of collection (jam`) and preservation (hifzh) of the Quran
Oral and written transmission of the Quranic revelation
Exegesis (tafseer)
Schools of tafseer
Methods of tafseer
Ta’weel and deviant exegeses
Conditions required of the exegete (mufassir)
The scholars of tafseer and their books
Recitations (qir’aat)
The Seven Forms (sab`at ahruf)
The dialects of Quraysh
Tajweed
Reasons and occasions of revelation (asbab an-nuzul)
Makkan and Madinan surahs
Abrogation (an-nasikh) and abrogated (al-mansukh) verses
The muhkamat and mutashabihat verses (clear and ambiguous verses)
The muhkamat and mutashabihat verses (clear and ambiguous verses)
Form, language, and style of the Quran
The virtues of the Quran and the etiquettes of its recitation
The distinctive features and miraculous nature of the Quran
Other issues related to Quranic studies of special importance today
The scientific trends in the Quran: a contemporary miracle
The stance of orientalists, colonialists, and missionaries towards the Quran
Translation and interpretation of the Quran
Refer to further info about Ulum al-Qur’an :
Ulum Al-Qur’an and its Significance
An Introduction to the Sciences of the Quran
The Quran and Revelation
Understanding the Text (Makkiyah&Madaniyyah , Asbab Nuzul , Nasakh Mansukh & Sab’ab Ahruf)
Interpreting the Text (Tafseer)
Al-Quran As the Source of Scientific Knowledge
1. al-Quran contains many facts about the scientific knowledge
The Quran also contains many facts and information about the science knowledge, phenomena and many of which come to be known very recently.
The facts which no one could even imagine during the time of prophet Muhammad s.a.w.
The Quran speaks about spiritual dimension and it emphasizes reflection on science and laws of nature with example from cosmology, physics, biology and medicine as signs for all men.
Allah says :
أَفَلَا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى الْإِبِلِ كَيْفَ خُلِقَتْ(17)وَإِلَى السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ رُفِعَتْ(18)وَإِلَى الْجِبَالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ(19)وَإِلَى الْأَرْضِ كَيْفَ سُطِحَتْ(20)
“ Do they not look at the camels, how they are made? And at the sky, how it is raised high? And the mountains, how they are fixed firm? And at the Earth , how is spread out? ” (88 : 17- 20)
Allah says:
“Behold! in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of Night and Day, there are indeed Signs for men of understanding.” (3: 190)
Many scientists of today after discovering those facts in the Quran acknowledge and confirm that this knowledge must have come to Muhammad s.a.w from Allah s.w.t
2. Al-Quran encourages human mind to study nature and universe
Seven hundred verses of the Quran appeal to human mind to study nature, to reflect, to make the best use of reason in their search for the ultimate goal and to make acquiring knowledge and scientific comprehension part of the community’s life.
(see = 3: 190)
3. al-Quran invites human intelligence to develop the science attitude.
The Quran invites human intelligence to develop the science attitude which promotes him to raise question his surroundings and base his inference upon solid and legitimate grounds.
Allah s.w.t says:
وَفِي الْأَرْضِ آيَاتٌ لِلْمُوقِنِينَ(20)وَفِي أَنفُسِكُمْ أَفَلَا تُبْصِرُونَ(21)وَفِي السَّمَاءِ رِزْقُكُمْ وَمَا تُوعَدُونَ(22)
“On the earth are signs for those of assured Faith. As also in your own selves, will yet not then see? And in heaven is your sustenance, as (also) that which ye are promised.” (51 : 20 –22)
a. To exercise more common sense than dogma, observation than blind faith.
b. It invites human intelligence to react with the process of cause and effect.
وَفِي الأَرْضِ آيَاتٌ لِلْمُوقِنِينَ (20)
“On the earth are Signs for those of assured Faith” (51:20)
c. The Quran even challenges human intellect and experience to find any flaw in the universe and assured man that such will not happen.
Allah s.w.t says:
الَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقاً مَا تَرَى فِي خَلْقِ الرَّحْمَنِ مِنْ تَفَاوُتٍ فَارْجِعْ الْبَصَرَ هَلْ تَرَى مِنْ فُطُورٍ (3)
“He Who created the seven heavens one above another: no want of proportion wilt thou see in the Creation of (Allah) Most Gracious. So turn thy vision again: seest thou any flaw?” (67:3)
d. It instructs human mind to speak with others in such reasonable manner that it shall reach their soul of understanding.
Allah s.w.t says:
أُوْلَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَعِظْهُمْ وَقُلْ لَهُمْ فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ قَوْلاً بَلِيغاً (63)
“Those men, Allah knows what is in their hearts; so keep clear of them, but admonish them, and speak to them a word to reach their very souls.” (4:63)
e. It invites to use the power of human ‘tadabbur’ about the Quran itself ,
The Quran says:
أَفَلا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلافاً كَثِيراً (82)
“Do they not consider the Qur-an (with care)? Had it been from other than Allah, they would surely have found therein much discrepancy.” (4:82)
Human intelligence in the Quran.
Human intelligence means distinctly human thought ability or human skill which possessed by no other creation, it has gradually come to mean the higher-level abstract thought processes.
Allah says :
وَلَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِي آدَمَ وَحَمَلْنَاهُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ مِنْ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا تَفْضِيلاً (70)
“We have honoured the sons of Adam; provided them with transport on land and sea; given them for sustenance things good and pure; and conferred on them special favours, above a great part of Our Creation.”
The phrases ‘honoured the sons of Adam’, ‘conferred on them special favours’ and ‘a great part of Our Creation’ all appear to refer to human intellect.
* human intelligence is one of the sources of scientific knowledge.
Allah has created human brain in the best of moulds / best stature / best form / best nature / best constitution. The Quran says:
لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإِنسَانَ فِي أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ (4)
“We have indeed created man in the best of moulds” (95 : 4)
In anthropological term, ‘the best stature’ means human brain and humanity is superior upon all other creations because of human brain.
The Quran specifies human intelligence’s root and its very nature given by Allah to man as “amanah” to use it according to the will of Allah.
Allah says :
إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمَانَةَ عَلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ ظَلُومًا جَهُولًا(72)
“ We did indeed offer the Trust to the Heavens and the Earth and the Mountains, but they refused to undertake it, being afraid thereof, but man undertook it. He was indeed unjust and foolish.” (33: 72)
The trust is something given to a person, over which he has the power of disposition.
This also refers to human intelligence because man accepted offer from Allah s.w.t after his realization.
The source of human intelligence is from divine and metaphysical not from the result of sensory or other factors.
Thinking and human intelligence
The Quran emphasizes on human intelligence to think for modern research and modern science. Allah says :
الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ قِيَاماً وَقُعُوداً وَعَلَى جُنُوبِهِمْ وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ رَبَّنَا مَا خَلَقْتَ هَذَا بَاطِلاً سُبْحَانَكَ فَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ (191)
“Men who celebrate the praises of Allah, standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides, and contemplate the (wonders of) creation in the heavens and the earth, (with the thought): "Our Lord! not for naught hast thou created (all) this! Glory to Thee! Give us salvation from the Penalty of the Fire.” (3: 191)
see : (16: 11, 22: 46)
Human intelligence, language and learning.
Allah taught languages and also writing and learning by pen for man.
Allah says:
وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَؤُلاء إِنْ كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (31)
“And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He placed them before the angels, and said: "Tell Me the names of these if ye are right." (2: 31)
see: ( 55: 4 , 30: 22, and 96: 4-5)
Human intelligence and the act of creating.
The capacity to create and invent is seen in the Quran as a strong manifestation of intelligence.
Allah says:
أَمْ تَسْأَلُهُمْ خَرْجاً فَخَرَاجُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ (72)
“Or is it that thou askest them for some recompense? But the recompense of thy Lord is best: He is the Best of those who give sustenance.” (23: 72)
From a Quranic outlook, the act of creating must be viewed as a fundamental and crucial component of intelligent.
An articulate understanding of the differences among the divine, the human, the animal and artificial machines cannot be achieved without human intelligence.
4. Methods / Tools for studying natural sciences and physical sciences
i. The general tools for studying natural sciences and physical sciences are our senses and intelligence.
The Quran says:
وَاللَّهُ أَخْرَجَكُمْ مِنْ بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ لا تَعْلَمُونَ شَيْئاً وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ السَّمْعَ وَالأَبْصَارَ وَالأَفْئِدَةَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (78)
“It is He Who brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers when ye knew nothing; and He gave you hearing and sight and intelligence and affection: that ye may give thanks (to Allah).” (16: 78)
ii. Through experiment and observation.
The Quran says:
قُلْ سِيرُوا فِي الأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ بَدَأَ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ اللَّهُ يُنشِئُ النَّشْأَةَ الآخِرَةَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (20)
“Say: "Travel through the earth and see how Allah did originate creation; so will Allah produce a later creation: for Allah has power over all things.” (29: 20)
أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الأَرْضِ فَتَكُونَ لَهُمْ قُلُوبٌ يَعْقِلُونَ بِهَا أَوْ آذَانٌ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهَا فَإِنَّهَا لا تَعْمَى الأَبْصَارُ وَلَكِنْ تَعْمَى الْقُلُوبُ الَّتِي فِي الصُّدُورِ (46)
“Do they not travel through the land, so that their hearts (and minds) may thus learn wisdom and their ears may thus learn to hear? Truly it is not their eyes that are blind, but their hearts which are in their breasts.” (22: 46)
iii. There are many realities in the physical world that we do not perceive through our senses.
Allah says:
فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِمَا تُبْصِرُونَ (38)
“So I do call to witness what ye see” (69: 38)
خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَهَا وَأَلْقَى فِي الأَرْضِ رَوَاسِيَ أَنْ تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنْ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَنْبَتْنَا فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ (10)
“He created the heavens without any pillars that ye can see; He set on the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you; and He scattered through it beasts of all kinds. We send down rain from the sky, and produce on the earth every kind of noble creature, in pairs.” (31: 10)
5. The universe is Allah’s creation
The universe is Allah’s creation and His dominion over all created things and beings is absolute. Allah says:
وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (189)
“To Allah belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth; and Allah hath power over all things.” (3: 189)
see : 39:44 , 2: 284, 30: 26, 7: 185 …)
6. The Quran mentions the foundation of knowledge in different forms
The Quran mentions the foundation of knowledge in different forms, such as the process of the creation of the universe which is called in arabic “al-kawn” means universe or phenomena, “ulum al-tabi’iyyah” means natural sciences.
The process of creation of human beings which later emerged the concept of science of biology, the growth of plantation which is called botany, animals, astronomy, medicine, engineering, economy, politic, legal system and others.
Heavens in the Quran
The Quran says:
إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ
“Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days, ……” (7: 54)
Days means ‘long periods’ or ‘ages’ rather than periods of 24 hours.
Heaven was smoke.
Allah says:
ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلأَرْضِ اِئْتِيَا طَوْعاً فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلأَرْضِ اِئْتِيَا طَوْعاً أَوْ كَرْهاً قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ (11)
“Moreover, He Comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) smoke: He said to it and to the earth: "Come ye together, willingly or unwillingly." They said: "We do come (together), in willing obedience." (41: 11)
The word “dukhan” means smoke, the fundamental data concerning the existence of an initial gaseous mass which id unique.
أَوَلَمْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَفَلا يُؤْمِنُونَ (30)
“Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of Creation), before We clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?” (21: 30)
In this ayah, “ratqun” means join together and “fatqun” means separation / open. The separation process resulted in the information of multiple worlds.
To scientists, heaven is space or empty place, but the Quran says that it has existence. Allah says:
أَلَمْ تَرَوْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقاً (15)
"`See ye not how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another,” (71: 15)
see (21: 32)
In the first heaven from earth, there are stars. The Quran says:
إِنَّا زَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِزِينَةٍ الْكَوَاكِبِ (6)
“We have indeed decked the lower heaven with beauty (in) the stars” (37:6)
Heaven will be perished,
Allah says:
يَوْمَ نَطْوِي السَّمَاءَ كَطَيِّ السِّجِلِّ لِلْكُتُبِ كَمَا بَدَأْنَا أَوَّلَ خَلْقٍ نُعِيدُهُ وَعْداً عَلَيْنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا فَاعِلِينَ (104)
“The Day that We roll up the heavens like a scroll rolled up for books (completed), even as We produced the first Creation, so shall We produce a new one: a promise We have undertaken: truly shall We fulfill it”. (21: 104)
Astronomy in the Quran
This means the science concerns regarding the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the components of the universe.
This includes such as the sun, the moon, the stars, the planets and others.
(see = 10: 101)
The Sun
The sun is (wahhaj and siraj) a lamp / the star that shine in the sky during the day and gives the earth the heat and light. It has its own light. It is the dominant body of solar system.
Allah is the creator of the sun. Allah says:
إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ يُغْشِي اللَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُ حَثِيثاً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَاتٍ بِأَمْرِهِ أَلا لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالأَمْرُ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ (54)
“Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days, then He established Himself on the Throne (of authority): He draweth the night as a veil O’er the day, each seeking the other in rapid succession: He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His Command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds!” (7: 54)
see : (16: 40, 55:5 , 16: 12)
The sun follows its own way by the command of Allah s.w.t.
وَالشَّمْسُ تَجْرِي لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَهَا ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (38)
“And the sun runs its course for a period determined for it; that is the decree of (Him), the Exalted in Might, the All-Knowing.” (36: 38)
For a long time, European philosophers and scientists believed that the earth stood still in the center of the universe and every other body including the sun is moved around it.
The sun is located in the outer part of the galaxy. The Quran furnishes the following information.
Allah says :
وَالشَّمْسُ تَجْرِي لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَهَا ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ(38)وَالْقَمَرَ قَدَّرْنَاهُ مَنَازِلَ حَتَّى عَادَ كَالْعُرْجُونِ الْقَدِيمِ(39)لَا الشَّمْسُ يَنْبَغِي لَهَا أَنْ تُدْرِكَ الْقَمَرَ وَلَا اللَّيْلُ سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ وَكُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ(40)
“ And the Sun runs unto a resting place, for him : that is the decree of (Him), the Exalted in might, the All-Knowing. And the Moon, We have measured for her station (to traverse) till she returns like the old (and withered) lower part of date-stalk. It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the moon, nor can the night outstrip the Day: Each (just) swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law).” (36 : 38-40)
Purposes of the creation of the sun
To brighten this world
هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُوراً وَقَدَّرَهُ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ يُفَصِّلُ الآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ (5)
“It is He Who made the sun to be a shining glory and the moon to be a light (of beauty), and measured out stages for it; that ye might know the number of years and the count (of time). Nowise did Allah create this but in truth and righteousness. (Thus) doth He explain His Signs in detail, for those who understand.” (10: 5)
To balance this world ( having the day and night/hot and cool)
وَآيَةٌ لَهُمْ اللَّيْلُ نَسْلَخُ مِنْهُ النَّهَارَ فَإِذَا هُمْ مُظْلِمُونَ (37)
‘And a Sign for them is the Night: We withdraw therefrom the Day, and behold they are plunged in darkness;” (36: 37)
To serve for mankind
وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمْ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ دَائِبَيْنِ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمْ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ (33)
“And He hath made subject to you the sun and the moon, both diligently pursuing their courses: and the Night and the Day hath He (also) made subject to you.” (14:33)
To calculate the day/date, month and year
الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ (5)
“The sun and the moon follow courses (exactly) computed;” (55:5)
To provide the energy
وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعاً شِدَاداً (12) وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجاً وَهَّاجاً (13)
And (have We not) built over you the seven Firmaments, And placed (therein) a Light of Splendour? (78: 12-13)
The Moon
The moon is one of the galaxies. It does not have own light gives borrowed light. It is called munir. The Quran says:
تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجاً وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجاً وَقَمَراً مُنِيراً (61)
“Blessed is He Who made constellations in the skies, and placed therein a Lamp and a Moon giving light;” (25: 61)
Purposes
To provide the light at night
To reckoning the time, day, night, month and year.
The Star
The word ‘star’ (al-Najm) burns and consumes itself. The Quran uses the term as “najm” (star), “kawkab” (planet) and “buruj” (the zodiacal signs/stars/planets/comet/shooting star.)
Purposes
They are the mark and sign for the dark on earth.
The Quran says:
فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (96)
“He it is that cleaveth the daybreak (from the dark): He makes the night for rest and tranquillity, and the sun and moon for the reckoning (of time): such is the judgment and ordering of (Him), the Exalted in Power, the Omniscient.” (6:96)
They can be good guidance the ways at night on earth and in the seas.
About the day and night
Allah says:
وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ (33
“It is He Who created the Night and the Day, and the sun and the moon: all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its rounded course.” (21:33)
خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ يُكَوِّرُ اللَّيْلَ عَلَى النَّهَارِ وَيُكَوِّرُ النَّهَارَ عَلَى اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى أَلا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْغَفَّارُ (5)
“He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions): He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night: He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His law) each one follows a course for a time appointed. Is not He the Exalted in Power, He Who forgives again and again?” (39:5)
The Earth
Allah created the earth in two days.
The Quran says:
قُلْ أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَندَاداً ذَلِكَ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ (9)
“Say: "Is it that ye deny Him Who created the earth in two Days? and do ye join equals with Him? He is the Lord of (all) the Worlds."(41:9)
The earth and its parts in four days.
The Quran says:
وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَاءً لِلسَّائِلِينَ (10)
“He set on the (earth). Mountains standing firm, high above it, and bestowed blessings on the earth, and measured therein all things to give them nourishment in due proportion, in four Days, in accordance with (the needs of) those who seek (sustenance).” (41:10)
The earth is like a carpet spread out for His creation.
Allah says:
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمْ الأَرْضَ مَهْداً وَسَلَكَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا سُبُلاً وَأَنزَلَ مِنْ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجاً مِنْ نَبَاتٍ شَتَّى (53)
“"He Who has made for you the earth like a carpet spread out; has enabled you to go about therein by roads (and channels); and has sent down water from the sky." With it have We produced diverse pairs of plants each separate from the others.” (20:53)
There are many roads/ways/bridges, etc on earth. (20:53)
Diverse pairs of plants, which spread from one another.(20:53)
The earth is the sources of water, comes from the heaven, cultivate the earth to produce the vegetable life, (21: 30) and the fields of different colors of corns and foods (39:21).
Allah says:
أَوَلَمْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَفَلا يُؤْمِنُونَ (30)
“Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of Creation), before We clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?” (21:30)
أَلَمْ تَرَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنْ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَسَلَكَهُ يَنَابِيعَ فِي الأَرْضِ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُ بِهِ زَرْعاً مُخْتَلِفاً أَلْوَانُهُ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَاهُ مُصْفَرّاً ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُهُ حُطَاماً إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَذِكْرَى لأُوْلِي الأَلْبَابِ (21)
“Seest thou not that Allah sends down rain from the sky, and leads it through springs in the earth? Then He causes to grow, therewith, produce of various colours: then it withers; thou wilt see it grow yellow; then He makes it dry up and crumble away. Truly, in this, is a Message of remembrance to men of understanding.” (39:21)
There is a lesson for man in cattle who provide drinks from the inside of their bodies, coming from a conjunction between the contents of the intestines and blood, a pure milk and pleasant for those who drink it.
Allah says:
وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُسْقِيكُمْ مِمَّا فِي بُطُونِهِ مِنْ بَيْنِ فَرْثٍ وَدَمٍ لَبَناً خَالِصاً سَائِغاً لِلشَّارِبِينَ (66)
“And verily in cattle (too) will ye find an instructive Sign. From what is within their bodies, between excretions and blood, We produce, for your drink, milk, pure and agreeable to those who drink it.” (16:66)
Animal in the Quran
Allah is the creator of every animal from water.
The Quran says:
وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَى بَطْنِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَى رِجْلَيْنِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ يَخْلُقُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (45)
“And Allah has created every animal from water: of them there are some that creep on their bellies; some that walk on two legs; and some that walk on four. Allah creates what He wills: for verily Allah has power over all things.” (24:45)
There is a lesson for man in cattle who provide drinks from the inside of their bodies, coming from a conjunction between the contents of the intestines and blood, a pure milk and pleasant for those who drink it. (16:66: see Earth in the Quran)
There are various colors of animals.
The Quran says:
وَمِنْ النَّاسِ وَالدَّوَابِّ وَالأَنْعَامِ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ كَذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ غَفُورٌ (28)
“And so amongst men and crawling creatures and cattle, are they of various colours. Those truly fear Allah, among His Servants, who have knowledge: for Allah is Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.” (35:28)
Allah subjected animals for human beings to survive and use them for getting benefit on earth.
The Quran says:
وَذَلَّلْنَاهَا لَهُمْ فَمِنْهَا رَكُوبُهُمْ وَمِنْهَا يَأْكُلُونَ (72)
“And that We have subjected them to their (use)? Of them some do carry them and some they eat:” (36:72)
About birds
Birds fly and spread their wings as signs of Allah in the sky and fold them, none can uphold them except Allah.
The Quran says:
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَى الطَّيْرِ فَوْقَهُمْ صَافَّاتٍ وَيَقْبِضْنَ مَا يُمْسِكُهُنَّ إِلاَّ الرَّحْمَنُ إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ بَصِيرٌ (19)
“Do they not observe the birds above them, spreading their wings and folding them in? None can uphold them except (Allah) Most Gracious: truly it is He that watches over all things.” (67:19
There are animals who lives on earth and water such as fishes, reptiles, crustaceans, insects, as well as four footed beasts and a being that flies on its wings such as mammals like bats, all they live a life, social and individual like ourselves.
Allah says:
وَمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ فِي الأَرْضِ وَلا طَائِرٍ يَطِيرُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ إِلاَّ أُمَمٌ أَمْثَالُكُمْ مَا فَرَّطْنَا فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ يُحْشَرُونَ (38)
“There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you. Nothing have We omitted from the Book, and they (all) shall be gathered to their Lord in the end.” (6:38)
Spiders who build their houses and Allah is the protector or their houses. It is one of the wonderful signs of Allah’s creation for only those who understand with their knowledge.
Allah says:
مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ كَمَثَلِ الْعَنكَبُوتِ اتَّخَذَتْ بَيْتاً وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ الْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (41)
“The parable of those who take protectors other than Allah is that of the Spider, who builds (to itself) a house; but truly the flimsiest of houses is the Spider's house; if they but knew.” (29:41)
Lifestyle and Communication of ants
Allah s.w.t says about the communication of ants in the following ayats :
وَحُشِرَ لِسُلَيْمَانَ جُنُودُهُ مِنْ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ وَالطَّيْرِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ(17)حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَوْا عَلَى وَادِي النَّمْلِ قَالَتْ نَمْلَةٌ يَاأَيُّهَا النَّمْلُ ادْخُلُوا مَسَاكِنَكُمْ لَا يَحْطِمَنَّكُمْ سُلَيْمَانُ وَجُنُودُهُ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ(18)
“And before Solomon were marshaled his hosts, of Jinns and men and birds, and they were all kept in order and ranks. At length, when they came to a valley of ants, one of the ants said: “O ye ants, get into your habitations, lest Solomon and his hosts crush you (under foot) without knowing it”. ” (27: 17-18)
Research has shown that the animals or insects whose lifestyle is closes in remembrance to the lifestyle of human beings are the ants.
Some similarities with human beings :
The ants bury their dead in a manner similar to the humans.
Once in a while they meet among themselves to have a chat.
They have a sophisticated system of division of labor, whereby they have managers, supervisors, foremen and others.
They have advanced method of communication among themselves.
They hold regular markets wherein they exchange goods.
A few years ago, a group of Arab scholars collected all information concerning embryology from the Quran and followed the instruction of the Quran .
Allah says :
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ إِلَّا رِجَالًا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِمْ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ(43)
“ And before thee We sent none but men, to whom We granted inspiration, if ye realize this not, ask of those who possess the Message.” (16:43)
Mountains in the Quran
Allah created mountains as pegs to maintain and to stable the earth.
The Quran says:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَالِقُ الْحَبِّ وَالنَّوَى يُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنْ الْمَيِّتِ وَمُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتِ مِنْ الْحَيِّ ذَلِكُمْ اللَّهُ فَأَنَّا تُؤْفَكُونَ (95)
“It is Allah who causeth the seed-grain and the date stone to split and sprout. He causeth the living to issue from the dead, and He is the One to cause the dead to issue from the living. That is Allah: then how are ye deluded away from the truth?” (6:95)
Allah taught the bee to build its cells in mountains/hills on trees and in man’s habitations. (6:95)
There are different shapes and colors of mountains such as rock mountain, soft land mountains and the highest mountain is 2900 from the sea level.(35:27), different colors, red clolors, white and black colors.
The Quran says:
أَلَمْ تَرَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنْ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِ ثَمَرَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفاً أَلْوَانُهَا وَمِنْ الْجِبَالِ جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ وَحُمْرٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيبُ سُودٌ (27)
“Seest thou not that Allah sends down rain from the sky? With it We then bring out produce of various colours. And in the mountains are tracts white and red, of various shades of colour, and black intense in hue.” (35:27)
There are the white veins of marble and quartz, or chalk, the red laterite, the blue basaltic rocks, the ink-black flint and all the variety, shade and gradation of colors.
They are also the source of mineral product, vegetations, waterfall and all kind of nature’s gorgeous pageantry.
They are also signs of Allah as the part of natural phenomenon.
Botany/Plants in the Quran and the purpose of their creation.
Allah is the creator of the seed grain (it includes botanical world/vegetable kingdom such as rice, barley, millet, beans, peas,gram, etc) and the date stone (includes both food and fruits for the Arabains) to split and sprout.
The Quran says:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَالِقُ الْحَبِّ وَالنَّوَى يُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنْ الْمَيِّتِ وَمُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتِ مِنْ الْحَيِّ ذَلِكُمْ اللَّهُ فَأَنَّا تُؤْفَكُونَ (95)
“It is Allah who causeth the seed-grain and the date stone to split and sprout. He causeth the living to issue from the dead, and He is the One to cause the dead to issue from the living. That is Allah: then how are ye deluded away from the truth?” (6:95)
He causes the living from the dead and the dead from the living through the evolutionary processes. (6:95)
Allah created every living thing from water. (about 72 % of the surface of our globe is still covered with water). The Quran says:
أَوَلَمْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَفَلا يُؤْمِنُونَ (30)
“Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of Creation), before We clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?” (21:30)
Allah produces from rain the wonderful variety of crops and fruits-golden, green, red, yellow and showing all the most beautiful tints as we can think. (see 35:27: mountain in Quran)
Allah creates in pairs all things that the earth produces because the mystery of sex runs through all creations - in man, in animal life, in vegetable life and possibly in other things of which we have no knowledge.
The Quran says:
سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ الأَزْوَاجَ كُلَّهَا مِمَّا تُنْبِتُ الأَرْضُ وَمِنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَمِمَّا لا يَعْلَمُونَ (36)
“Glory to Allah, Who created in pairs all things that the earth produces, as well as their own (human) kind and (other) things of which they have no knowledge.” (36:36)
Wassalam
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